24 September - 15 October 2000
by Ron Ketchum
ITINERARY
Day 1 9/24 - Lima to Paracas with stop at Pantanos De Puerto Viejo
Day 2 9/25 - Paracas to Bellestras Islands and outward, plus Paracas NP & Lagunillas
Day 3 9/26 - Paracas to Lima with a stip at Pantanos De Pueto Viejo
Day 4 9/27 - Travel Day, Lima to Cuzco
Day 5 9/28 - Cuzco (3400m) to Aquas Calientes(2050m) & Machu Picchu & Urubamba River
Day 6 9/29 - Machu Picchu(2400m) to Aquas Calientes(2050m) walking down road & trail. Stayed in Yucay
Day 7 9/30 - East side of Abra Malaga - birded from 3600m to 3200 m.
Day 8 1011 - West side of Abra Malaga - Climbed to top of ridge and down valley to road, 3900m to 3750m. Stayed in Cusco (Los Andes).
Day 9 10/2 - Cuzco(3400m) to Pillahuata Camp(2800m) with stops at Huancari(3800m).
Day 10 10/3 - Pillhuata Camp(2800m) to Cock on the Rock Lodge(2000m) via Buenas Aires.
Day 11 10/4 - Cock of the Rock Lodge to San Pedro (1800 - 1100m).
Day 12 10/5 - Above Cock of the Rock Lodge.
Day 13 10/6 - Cock of the Rock Lodge to Manu Wildlife Center(MWC) (250m) via Atalaya (650m).
Day 14 1on - MWC - Cocha Blanca and trails.
Day 15 10/8 - MWC - Walked the Grid System (6hrs.) River Trail and Toucan Loop (3hrs.)
Day 16 10/9 - MWC - 35m Canopy Tower and Creekside Trail.
Day 17 10/10 - MWC - Blanquilla Macaw Lick & Cumuga Trail, off in PM.
Day 18 10/11 - MWC Bamboo Viaje Trail in AM and Cocha Naeva in PM.
Day 19 10/12 - MWC to Boca Manu to Cuzco.(Los Andes)
Day 20 10/13 - Cuzco to Lima, Los Pantanos de Villa in PM.
Day 21 10/14 - Lima to Miami.
Day 22 10/15 - Miami to Medford
This trip was arranged through Manu Expeditions, P.O. Box 606, Cusco, Peru(email manuexpe+@amauta.rcp.net.pe). The planning and itinerary setting started in December, 1998, and was greatly aided by the professionalism and consideration of Barry Walker and the rest of the Manu Expeditions staff.
Ten participants took part in the trip and they were: Kathy and Kraig Kemper, Zoa Shumway, Seattle, WA; Joe and Ruth Terlouw, Buckley, WN; Kathy Ketchum and Terry Droessler, Monmouth, OR; Edith Lindner, Mickey and Ron Ketchum, Medford OR. All of the group had been to South America previously, but none had ever visited Peru.
Our guide was Colin Bushell, from Hertfordshire, England, who also runs Toucan Tours. Colin was very knowledgeable in the birdlife of the entire country of Peru. He was also solicitous in the welfare of the group, at times changing room assignments to make it more convenient to individual needs. It is fair to say that the success of the trip was because of his fine leadership and expertise.
The trip summary is as follows: I saw 454 bird species, of which 210 were life-listers. There were 18 additional species that someone else in the group saw that I did not, making a group list of 472 species. In addition, Colin identified 37 other birds by sound making a total of 509 bird species encountered in 3 weeks.
My personal birdlist and daily logs of birds seen are attached in Microsoft
Excel format. If you are unable to read this, please email me at
rketchum@cdsnet.net, and I will send a text formatted document.
The Trip
The trip officially started on 9/23/00, when the last group of us arrived at the Lima Airport and were met late at night by Colin. We were then transferred to Hotel La Castellana in Miraflores.
At 0800 hours we loaded on our tour bus and headed south on the Pan-American Highway toward Paracas. The terrain along the coast consists of rocky high hills interspersed with marshes and alluvial plains, however even though I had read that the country was barren, I was not prepared for the total lack of anything growing over thousands of acres. Outside of the occasional marsh and irrigated land in the river valleys, it is the most barren countryside I have ever seen.
This condition contributes to the concentration of birdlife in the few green and watered areas that are encountered. Our stop at Pantanos De Puerto Viejo, was very productive giving us such birds as the Many-colored Rush-tyrant and the Wren-like Rushbird. The Peruvian Meadowlark, Yellowish Pipit and Grassland Yellow-finch were also relatively common. Many waders and marsh birds were easily seen.
As we drove along the coast, we encountered Peruvian Pelicans, Peruvian Boobies and Inca Terns. While the land was barren, the waters off of Peru are extremely productive because of the cold Humboldt Current.
Away from the coast, we saw Croaking Ground-doves and Long-tailed Mockingbirds.
The night was spent in Pisco at the Hotel Paracas, a very nice resort that had a good restaurant, but only average rooms. It was quite comfortable however, and we were treated well there.
On the morning of 9/25 we boarded a boat on which we were the only group, allowing us to do a primarily birding trip. The destination was Paracas Bay and the Bellestras Islands and outward. We had a wonderful trip that took up the better part of five hours allowing us to see the Humboldt Penguin, Cape Petrel, Red-legged Cormorant, Peruvian Booby, Blue-footed Booby, Inca Tern, Guanay Cormorant, Kelp Gull, Gray-headed Gull, Inca Tern, Peruvian Sea-cincloides and many other birds and mammals. It is trip that should not be missed.
In the afternoon, we drove through a portion of the Paracas National Park and by the village of Lagunillas. The major sightings of the trip were Chilean Flamingos and Coastal Miners.
We headed back to Miraflores on 9/26, stopping in a few sparsely vegetated areas where we found the Short-tailed Field-tyrant. We stopped back at Pantanos de Puerto Viejo to see if we could find the Peruvian Thick-knee, but we were unsuccessful. We did see Band-tailed Gulls, White-tufted and Great Grebes and a Short-eared Owl. We arrived back at the Hotel La Castellana in late afternoon.
In the planning of our trip, we had considered going to the Nazca lines, but had discarded it. In retrospect, we are glad that we did, because it would have required two more days of driving through the Atacama Desert. While the trip would have been interesting from an archeological standpoint, when the objective of the trip is primarily birding, we would have lost those two days.
Our plans on 9/27 were to fly from Lima to Cusco, then bird the Huacarpay Lake area in the afternoon. When we arrived, we found that all of the taxi and bus drivers were on strike, essentially stranding us at the airport. Our bus had arrived at the airport parking lot, and we were able to put our luggage on board, but unable to take the bus out on the streets.
Manu Expeditions made a quick change of plans and put us up in the Hotel Savoy in downtown Cusco. Unfortunately we had to walk from the airport to there. At approximately 10,000+ elevation, when you are not acclimated, it is slightly easier said than done. The public transportation going were a fleet of independently owned, pedal powered, cargo tricycles, and one of our group was given a ride to the hotel on one of these. The rest of us walked the two to three miles.
Because of the strike we were unable to visit the Huacarpay Lakes, but our plan was to go there after our return from Manu Wildlife Center. As it turned out, it was probably best that we had this afternoon and evening to take it easy and laze around. It gave us a chance to adapt to the altitude, and we were all feeling some effects, varying from my feeling slightly light-headed to some who were physically ill.
Several of us had obtained a prescription (Diamox) for relieving the effects of altitude sickness and my assessment is that they were very worthwhile. While I did get a mild case of food poisoning for one day, I felt quite well all of the time we were in the high country. My recommendation is to obtain these pills prior to leaving your home country.
In any case, we were told that the strike would only last until 7:00 PM, which is the custom of strikes in Peru, and our luggage would be delivered to our room. This turned out to be the case.
Early the morning of 9/28 we were transported to the train station, and boarded the train for Aquas Calientes, portal to the ruins of Machu Picchu. It was scheduled to be a three hour trip, but our luck was continuing, and as we were negotiating the five rail switchbacks that raise the tracks over the ridge surrounding Cusco, we derailed. It took about a hour and half to jack the car back on the track and we were on the way again. During the wait, we observed Chiquanco Thrushes and Peruvian Sierra-finches outside the windows, and at one point had two Black-chested Buzzard-eagles in sight.
The rail trip was scenic and relaxing, and we were able to spot such birds as the Andean Gull, Torrent Duck and Bar-winged Cincloides from the train. We arrived at Aquas Calientes around noon, and porters were at the station to escort us and carry out luggage to the Hotel Presidente.
This hotel was a fairly new accommodation near the outskirts of the town along the Urubamba River. While it was not fancy, it was very comfortable and I would recommend it. We visited some of the more top line resort/hotels, and I suspect the price we paid there was much more reasonable and very adequate for our needs.
We visited the ruins that afternoon, spending around 3 hours in all. I enjoyed it immensely and you have to see it to really appreciate it. The workmanship is exquisite and planning must have been extraordinary, for it would have taken a thousand people the better part of 100 years to complete the entire area.
From the birding standpoint, we didn't do much on the grounds, however we did find Rust-and-yellow Tanagers quite common. Several of us disembarked from the bus where it crossed the river to the east of Aquas Calientes and birded our way back to the hotel. A few of the typical birds were Saffron-crowned Tanagers, Ocellated Piculets and Torrent Tyrannulets along with Slate-throated Redstarts and Masked Flower-piercers.
The next morning (9/29) we went up to Machu Picchu again, with two going into the ruins and the rest of us walking down the road back toward Aquas Calientes. The main target was the Inca Wren, which we found just outside the ruins grounds. Other birds of note were Andean Guan, Andean Parakeet which we saw as we walked the road. The Green-and-white Hummingbird and Speckled Hummingbird were found along with Blue-capped Tanager, Blue-necked Tanager, Blue and Black Tanager and host of tryannulets and elaenias. The bird of the day was the Masked Fruiteater that we found as we walked the trails (steps) between the road switchbacks.
After returning to Aquas Calientes for lunch we went to a resort grounds to pick up the Chestnut-breasted Cornet which was coming to their feeders in numbers.
In the late afternoon, we boarded the train and went back toward Cusco as far as Ollantaytambo, where our bus was waiting, then transferred to Urubamba and Yucay(a village adjacent to Urubamba) where we stayed at the Hostal Posada del Libertador for the next two nights. This was a comfortable place with a good restaurant and a meeting room/bar.
On 9/30 we went by our bus (20 passenger with only 10 of us on it) over Abra Malaga (Malaga Pass approx. 12000+ feet) through Puna down to treeline. The weather was cool and cloudy with an occasional light shower, so birding was slow, but we still got 46 birds that day, only slightly below average. The species that come to mind are Shining Sunbeam, Red-crested Cotinga, Tit-like Dacnis, Rusty Flower-piercer, Andean Ibis, Andean Lapwing, Mountain Caracara, Sapphire-vented Puffleg, White-winged Diuca-finch and many more. On the way home, we found the Andean Flicker and White-tufted Sunbeam.
As an aside, one thing I hadn't prepared for in a tropical country, was how cool the weather was. If you plan on spending time on the coast and in the Andes one needs to dress for 60 to 70 degree Fahrenheit temperatures. I had some clothes suitable for this, but could have used three changes rather the two that I had.
The next day (10/1) was planned for a climb from 12000 feet to 12500+ in an effort to find the Royal Cincloides in the fast disappearing Polylepsis stands that used to occur commonly in the Abra Malaga area. This is not a hike for those who have bad knees, are overweight, overage and generally out of shape. I was 66 at the time of this trip, and in pretty good shape, but I found it to be about my limit. While climbing, I could muster 5 steps then a rest.
I had not planned on making the trip, but the day was so bright and clear that I decided to go at the last minute. I am thankful that I did, because it was a beautiful, if tiring walk, and we saw our only Andean Condor of the trip there. We also found a pair of Giant Conebills, Andean Hillstar, Blue-mantled Thornbill, Tufted Tit-tyrant, Tawny Tit-spinetail and White-browed Tit-spinetail. We were unsuccessful in finding the Royal Cincloides but the rest of the day spent out in the High Andes was well worth it.
In late afternoon, we drove back to Cusco and spent the night in Los Andes Hostal, a comfortable upscale hotel just off the main plaza.
The following day, we headed east out of Cusco by bus toward Pillhuata Camp on the eastside of the Andean summit and in Manu National Park. The morning was spent driving through dry, open country that had been farmed and irrigated by the Incas, and the present occupants still farm the better lands. Our only stop in the morning was just outside Paucartambo to pick up the Chestnut-breasted Mountain-finch, Mourning Sierra-finch and Black-faced Brush-finch.
Lunch was at the Manu National Park boundary near Tres Cruces, some birding was done in the area but no real standouts were found. We then moved down the road, which now was forested and moving into true Cloud-forest on the eastside of the Andes. A tent camp was set up at a meadow that was called Pillhuata Camp, where we stayed that evening in sleeping bags provided by Manu Expeditions.
I was glad we opted to have one campout, but that was all I needed.
Even though we had sleeping pads, etc. there is just not enough room in
tents to be comfortable for very long.
We were treated to a good dinner and breakfast prepared by Manu Expeditions
personnel, which was served inside a larger dining tent, outfitted with
a large camp table and chairs.
Just after sundown, we tried for the Swallow-tailed Nightjar. Colin was able to get sound responses to tapes, but we were unable to bring the birds in for sighting. Colin and Kraig Kemper arose early the next morning and did get a good sighting at dawn.
On October 3, day 10 of our trip we walked down the road toward Cock of the Rock Lodge, interspersing riding the bus which followed behind us as a support vehicle. The entire route was in Cloud Forest (2800 meters to 2000 meters in elevation), and the weather remained cool, but comfortable for most of the day.
The Manu Road follows the Rio Alto Madre de Dios, and traverses very steep ground. Some of the books say there is a system whereby vehicles only go down one day, then only up the next. We didn't find that to be the case, and while the road is fairly narrow, there are enough turnouts that it will handle traffic in both directions. The road standard is not high, and is relatively rough where compared to a crushed rock running surface.
Since we were traversing cloud forest, many of the birds were colorful tanagers, including the Grass-green Tanager, Scarlet-bellied Mountain-tanager and Blue-necked Tanager. We also got brief looks at the Red-and-white Antpitta, good looks at Golden-headed Quetzal, Gray-breasted Mountain-toucan, Barred Fruiteater and a number of hummingbirds. We spent a good deal of time working on various spinetails and their ilk., coming up with good looks at many of the skulkers (see list for Oct 3).
Late in the afternoon a downpour started, cutting off the birding and we headed for Cock of the Rock Lodge, arriving about 5:30. The rain lasted most of the evening, so we were glad we were under a roof rather than in the tent as we had been the night before.
Cock of the Rock Lodge is a very simple place, providing several sleeping cubicles for two people, but relatively little privacy since the wall is only one board wide and there are no ceilings. Bathroom facilities are shared, however there are four bathrooms, so there is seldom a need to wait to use them.
They have constructed four cabanas, which are self-contained and relatively large. I had the impression they were planning more.
The dining room was a screened in area next to the dormitory cubicles with an attached kitchen. The meals were quite good always served by candlelight, because they did not use an electrical generator.
I found the place quite comfortable, and we stayed three nights. The weather was warm and humid, but not oppressive at all.
The major claim to fame is an Andean Cock of the Rock lek within a thousand feet of the lodge, and just below the road. Access to the observation platform is locked and is controlled by the lodge manager. Our group went to the platform at sunrise one morning and were impressed by the number and activity of the birds at the lek. We were there about a hour and saw the display start with the daylight and slowly ebb until there were just a few males left when we departed.
We birded for two full days out of the lodge, both above and below along the road. The mixed flocks of tanagers, redstarts, etc. were great to come across. We worked hard pulling out antbirds and wood-wrens and found a great number of flycatchers. The top birds of the two days for me were the Amazonian Umbrellabird sitting on a bare limb within 50 feet, and the Lanceolated Monklet that we saw twice.
While I could enumerate the birds sighted while at this location, I think you can refer to the daily listings for a good feeling of it's worth as a birding site. I was glad we spent the time we did there.
On the morning of October 6 we arose at 3:00 AM, had breakfast and left by 3:30 in a light rain. We were heading for Manu Wildlife Center on the Rio Madre de Dios and it was a long distance to travel. As the crow flies, it is about 50 km from Cock of the Rock to Atalaya where we were to board a motorized canoe for the remainder of the journey. This meant that it was probably over 75 km by poor road. In any case we did not get to Atalaya until about 8:30, which included a short stop in Pillacopata for a few supplies.
We loaded into the boat and were underway for what we were told would be a seven hour ride downriver. The seats were comfortable with two seats in each row and seating about 16. It was covered and tarps were provided to cover your legs. The weather was cloudy and damp and the temperature about 75, very cool for this elevation (650 meters). As long as one kept his sweatshirt or light jacket on and covered his legs the ride was very comfortable. Had it been raining and with your clothing damp it might have been very uncomfortable.
Birding from the boat was pleasant, and we were able to tick off Fasciated Tiger-heron, Capped Heron, Snowy Egret and Cocoi Heron rather easily. With the change in habitat and the easy viewing, this day proved to me the second highest species count day of the entire trip with 66.
We soon started to see parrots and macaws in large numbers, with the Blue and Yellow Macaw being quite common along with Red and White Macaw and Scarlet Macaw following in slightly fewer numbers. We also saw many Blue-throated Piping-guans in the trees and flying across the river.
The river at this point is not deep, and has many sandbars and islands making good habitat for the herons and other shorebirds such as Pied Lapwings. One island had a pair of Horned Screamers on it. Cuvier's Toucan was also common in the shoreline trees.
After a brief pit stop in Boca Manu, we travelled downriver until approximately 4:30 PM, when we arrived at Manu Wildlife Center.
Manu Wildlife Center is a relatively new developement, and is well planned to take care of the nature visitors needs. The main area covers about 10 acres, with a large dining hall with screened walls and thatched roof, a kitchen about the same size across the path, a bar/conference room, about 20-25 two person cabanas raised on four foot stilts, each with a bath room and shower (hot water) and a small desk. These are spaced about 30 feet apart and interspersed in between the trees. The walls are screened in the upper half and wooden lattice in the lower half. The roofs are steeply peaked and thatched and the floors are polished hardwood boards.
Manu Wildlife Center is set up with a good system of trails that appear to be well-marked. I was not required to find my way back by myself, since we were with our guide at all times, but I feel I would not have had a problem.
One of the more interesting trail setups is a grid system, whereby if we heard a bird away from the trail we were on, we could go over to the next grid line, and usually get quite close to it.
The other trails took one to different types of habitat, from riverine to upland forest, so a wide variety of birdlife was made available to us right at Manu itself. In addition, there is a canopy platform approximately 120 feet up in an emergent Kapok tree.
Within less than 1 hours motor canoe ride, there are several oxbow lakes, a macaw clay lick, some bamboo trails, and other trail systems accessing habitats that are not available at Manu Wildlife Center.
Normally, there are two or more groups at the center, and a schedule is set up to visit the various destinations, so they do not conflict with one another. We were the only ones there, since we were close to the end of the dry season, so we had our pick of the places to go.
Our weather was quite warm and humid with cloudy mornings and sunny afternoons all of the time were there. As far as I was concerned it was perfect weather.
The first day there we went to Cocha Blanca, where the Giant River Otter were said to be found. It was about a half hour downriver, then a short hike inland to the oxbow lake where a catamaran type float was available. Our Manu Expedition boatmen paddled the boat and all we had to do was stand or sit and look. The otters were there and not shy, plus this habitat gave the biggest species day of the trip with 90. Included were Silvered Antbird, Hoatzin, Razor-billed Currasow, Black-capped Donacobius, several species of Oropendola, Boat-billed Heron, Rufous-sided Crake and Jabiru.
The third day was a trip to the canopy platform and the 4th day was the trip the Blanquilla Macaw Lick, truly a sight not to be missed.
The remainder of the time was spent either on trails around Manu Wildlife Center or trips offsite to places named Cumunga Trail, Cocha Naeva and Bamboo Viaje Trail. All were good birding, however birding in the bamboo is a slow and trying process, because alot of the time is spent waiting to intercept a flock of feeding birds, then it is frustratingly difficult to get a good look at some of the birds like Foliage-gleaners and Antbirds who tend to be skulkers anyway.
In the time we spent going and coming on the Rio Madre de Dios, a total of about 6 days, we saw around 195 species of birds, almost half of the total for the trip. This was due in large part to Colin Bushell, our guide, who really worked hard to get the antbirds, tryannulets and their ilk to show themselves.
All in all it is a wonderful place.
Early on the morning of October 11 we boarded the canoe for the last time and headed upriver to the Boca Manu airfield where we had scheduled the Twin Otter Military Aircraft to pick us up at 9:00 AM and fly us back to Cusco.
The airstrip there is grass and has been cut out of the jungle. A 50X25 foot thatched gazebo type building houses a radio and a place to stand in the shade while waiting. The plane, operated by the military, was right on time and it was a beautiful day.
When we rose above the treetops, we got our first real good view of how large the Amzaon basin really is. Unbroken rainforest stretched out to the east as far as we could see. A sight that I hope lasts forever. The Andes with their snow peaks were to the west and the deeply incised east slopes with their heavily forested canyons and ridges were in front. A really grand sight.
It took about 90 minutes to fly back over the country that had taken us 5 days to leisurely cross. When we touched down in Cusco, we found that there was another taxi and bus driver strike. This cut out our chance to visit Huacarpay Lakes. As it turned out, about the only bird that we had been planning on getting there was the Bearded Mountaineer which is common and endemic. Another was the Plumbeous Rail, but we would have one more chance on our last day outside of Lima.
When we got to the Cusco airport parking area, Manu Expeditions had already lined up the manpowered cargo tricycles to carry our luggage to the Hotel Los Andes, and also had a couple for some people to ride if they wished. Most of us walked, which took about an hour. The rest of the day was spent picking up souvenirs, resting and catching up on the world news.
We flew out early the next morning, and true to form the strike had only lasted until 7:00 PM so we had a bus to ride to the airport. We arrived in Lima about 10:00AM were picked up and taken to the Hostal La Castellana again. Another vehicle was there to take those of us who wished to go to Pantanos de Villa, just outside of Miraflores, to try one more time for the Peruvian Thickknee.
We spent about 4 hours there, did find the Thickknee plus the Plumbeous Rail, so we finished up the birding part of the trip with almost all expectations met or exceeded.
When leaving the country, the airlines require you arrive 3 hours prior to departure. This required another 3:00 wakeup in order to get to the airport by 4:00 AM. Surprisingly, the terminal was actually pretty busy at that ungodly hour. We processed through with no problems and left the beautiful country of Peru right on time.
The trip was a wonderful experience. This was due for the most part in a good group to travel with, but also due to the professionalism and caring attitude of our guide Colin Bushell and Manu Expedition's personnel.
TRIP LIST: (Note: to obtain a copy of the species lists for each location, contact the report author:)
Ronald L. Ketchum
<rketchum@cdsnet.net>
| COMMON NAME | LATIN NAME |
| White-tufted Grebe | Rollandia rolland |
| Least Grebe | Tachybaptus dominicus |
| Pied-billed Grebe | Podilymbus podiceps |
| Great Grebe | Podiceps major |
| Humboldt Penguin | Spheniscus humboldti |
| Cape Petrel | Daption capense |
| Pink-footed Shearwater | Puffinus creatopus |
| Sooty Shearwater | Puffinus griseus |
| Wilson's Storm-petrel | Oceanites oceanicus |
| Peruvian Diving-petrel | Pelecanoides garnotii |
| Blue-footed Booby | Sula nebouxii |
| Peruvian Booby | Sula variegata |
| Neotropic Cormorant | Phalacrocorax brasilianus |
| Guanay Cormorant | Phalacrocorax bougainvillii |
| Red-legged Cormorant | Phalacrocorax gaimardi |
| Anhinga | Anhinga anhinga |
| Peruvian Pelican | Pelecanus thagus |
| Horned Screamer | Anhima cornuta |
| Andean Duck | Oxyura ferruginea |
| Muscovy Duck | Cairina moschata |
| Torrent Duck | Merganetta armata |
| Cinnamon Teal | Anas cyanoptera |
| White-cheeked Pintail | Anas bahamensis |
| Speckled Teal | Anas flavirostris |
| Chilean flamingo | Phoenicopterus chilensis |
| Reddish Egret | Egretta rufescens |
| Little Blue Heron | Egretta caerulea |
| Snowy Egret | Egretta thula |
| Capped Heron | Pilherodius pileatus |
| Cocoi heron | Ardea cocoi |
| Great Egret | Ardea alba |
| Cattle Egret | Bubulcus ibis |
| Striated Heron | Butorides striatus |
| Black-crowned Night-heron | Nycticorax nycticorax |
| Boat-billed heron | Cochlearius cochlearia |
| Fasciated Tiger-heron | Tigrisoma fasciatum |
| Least Bittern | Ixobrychus exilis |
| Puna Ibis | Plegadis ridgwayi |
| Andean Ibis | Theristicus branickii |
| Roseate Spoonbill | Ajaia ajaja |
| Jabiru | Jabiru mycteria |
| Black Vulture | Coragyps atratus |
| Turkey Vulture | Cathartes aura |
| Greater yellow-headed Vulture | Cathartes melambrotus |
| Andean Condor | Vultur gryphus |
| King Vulture | Sarcoramphus papa |
| Osprey | Pandion haliaetus |
| Double-toothed Kite | Harpagus bidentatus |
| Plumbeous Kite | Ictinia plumbea |
| Cinereous Harrier | Circus cinereus |
| Great Black-hawk | Buteogallus urubitinga |
| Harris's Hawk | Parabuteo unicinctus |
| Black-collared Hawk | Busarellus nigricollis |
| Black-chested Buzzard-eagle | Geranoaetus melanoleucus |
| Roadside Hawk | Buteo magnirostris |
| Red-backed Hawk | Buteo polyosoma |
| Puna Hawk | Buteo poecilochrous |
| Zone-tailed hawk | Buteo albonotatus |
| Ornate Hawk-eagle | Spizaetus ornatus |
| Black-and-chestnut Eagle | Oroateus isidori |
| Black Caracara | Daptrius ater |
| Red-throated Caracara | Ibycter americanus |
| Mountain CAracara | Phalcoboenus megalopterus |
| Laughing Falcon | Herpetotheres cachinnans |
| American Kestrel | Falco sparverius |
| Aplomado Falcon | Falco femoralis |
| Bat Falcon | Falco rufigularis |
| Speckled Chachalaca | Ortalis guttata |
| Andean Guan | Penelope montagnii |
| Blue-throated Piping-guan | Pipile cumanensis |
| Razor-billed Curassow | Mitu tuberosa |
| Rufous-sided Crake | Laterallus melanophaius |
| Plumbeous Rail | Pardirallus sanguinolentus |
| Purple Gallinule | Porphyrio martinica |
| Common Moorhen | Gallinula chloropus |
| Andean Coot | Fulica ardesiaca |
| Sungrebe | Heliornis fulica |
| Sunbittern | Eurypyga helias |
| Whimbrel | Numenius phaeopus |
| Greater Yellowlegs | Tringa melanoleuca |
| Lesser Yellowlegs | Tringa flavipes |
| Spotted Sandpiper | Actitis macularia |
| Ruddy Turnstone | Arenaria interpres |
| Surfbird | Aphriza virgata |
| Sanderling | Calidris alba |
| Least Sandpiper | Calidris minutilla |
| Baird's Sandpiper | Calidris bairdii |
| Pectoral Sandpiper | Calidris melanotos |
| Wilson's Phalarope | Phalaropus tricolor |
| Red Phalarope | Phalaropus fulicaria |
| Peruvian Thick-knee | Burhinus superciliaris |
| American Oystercatcher | Haematopus palliatus |
| Blackish Oystercatcher | Haematopus ater |
| Black-necked Stilt | Himantopus mexicanus |
| Black-bellied Plover | Pluvialis squatarola |
| Semipalmated Plover | Charadrius semipalmatus |
| Killdeer | Charadrius vociferus |
| Collared Plover | Charadrius collaris |
| Pied Lapwing | Vanellus cayanus |
| Andean Lapwing | Vanellus resplendens |
| Band-tailed Gull | Larus belcheri |
| Grey Gull | Larus modestus |
| Kelp Gull | Larus dominicanus |
| Grey-headed Gull | Larus cirrocephalus |
| Andean Gull | Larus serranus |
| Franklin's Gull | Larus pipixcan |
| Sabine's Gull | Xema sabini |
| Swallow-tailed Gull | Creagrus furcatus |
| Elegant Tern | Sterna elegans |
| Yellow-billed Tern | Sterna superciliaris |
| Peruvian Tern | Sterna lorata |
| Large-billed Tern | Phaetusa simplex |
| Inca Tern | Larosterna inca |
| Chilean Skua | Catharacta chilensis |
| Black Skimmer | Rynchops niger |
| Rock Dove | Columba livia |
| Band-tailed Pigeon | Columba fasciata |
| Pale-vented Pigeon | Columba cayennensis |
| plumbeous Pigeon | Columba plumbea |
| Eared dove | Zenaida auriculata |
| Pacific Dove | Zenaida meloda |
| Ruddy Ground-dove | Columbina talpacoti |
| Croaking Ground-dove | Columbina cruziana |
| Sapphire Quail-dove | Geotrygon saphirina |
| Blue-and-yellow Macaw | Ara ararauna |
| Scarlet macaw | Ara macao |
| Red-and-green Macaw | Ara chloropterus |
| Chestnut-fronted Macaw | Ara severa |
| Red-bellied Macaw | Ara manilata |
| Mitred Parakeet | Aratinga mitrata |
| White-eyed Parakeet | Aratinga leucophthalmus |
| Dusky-headed Parakeet | Aratinga weddellii |
| Black-capped Parakeet | Pyrrhura rupicola |
| Andean Parakeet | Bolborhynchus orbygnesius |
| Dusky-billed Parrotlet | Forpus sclateri |
| Cobalt-winged Parakeet | Brotogeris cyanoptera |
| White-bellied Parrot | Pionites leucogaster |
| Orange-cheeked Parrot | Pionopsitta barrabandi |
| Blue-headed Parrot | Pionus menstruus |
| Speckle-faced Parrot | Pionus tumultuosus |
| Yellow-crowned Parrot | Amazona ochrocephala |
| Scaly-naped Parrot | Amazona mercenaria |
| Mealy Parrot | Amazona farinosa |
| Squirrel Cuckoo | Piaya cayana |
| Hoatzin | Opisthocomus hoazin |
| Greater Ani | Crotophaga major |
| Smooth-billed Ani | Crotophaga ani |
| Groove-billed Ani | Crotophaga sulcirostris |
| Tawny-bellied Screech-owl | Otus watsonii |
| Short-eared Owl | Asio flammeus |
| Common Potoo | Nyctibius griseus |
| Sand-colored Nighthawk | Chordeiles rupestris |
| Pauraque | Nyctidromus albicollis |
| Chestnut-collared Swift | Cypseloides rutila |
| White-collared Swift | Streptoprocne zonaris |
| Grey-rumped Swift | Chaetura cinereiventris |
| White-tipped Swift | Aeronautes montivagus |
| Great-billed hermit | Phaethornis malaris |
| White-bearded Hermit | Phaethornis hispidus |
| Reddish Hermit | Phaethornis ruber |
| White-necked Jacobin | Florisuga mellivora |
| Green Violet-ear | Colibri thalassinus |
| Sparkling Violet-ear | Colibri coruscans |
| Fork-tailed Woodnymph | Thalurania furcata |
| Golden-tailed Sapphire | Chrysuronia oenone |
| Green-and-white Hummingbird | Amazilia viridicauda |
| Amazilia Hummingbird | Amazilia amazilia |
| Speckled Hummingbird | Adelomyia melanogenys |
| Fawn-breasted Brilliant | Heliodoxa rubinoides |
| Violet-fronted Brilliant | Heliodoxa leadbeateri |
| Andean Hillstar | Oreotrochilus estella |
| Shining Sunbeam | Aglaeactis cupripennis |
| White-tufted Sunbeam | Aglaeactis castelnaudii |
| Great Sapphirewing | Pterophanes cyanopterus |
| Gould's Inca | Coeligena Inca |
| Violet-throated Starfrontlet | Coeligena violifer |
| Chestnut-breasted Coronet | Boissonneaua matthewsii |
| Amethyst-throated Sunangel | Heliangelus amethysticollis |
| Sapphire-vented Puffleg | Eriocnemis luciani |
| Scaled metaltail | Metallura aeneocauda |
| Tyrian Metaltail | Metallura tyrianthina |
| Rufous-capped Thornbill | Chalcostigma ruficeps |
| Blue-mantled Thornbill | Chalcostigma stanleyi |
| Long-tailed Sylph | Aglaiocercus kingi |
| Wedge-billed Hummingbird | Augastes geoffroyi |
| Golden-headed Quetzal | Pharomachrus auriceps |
| Black-tailed Trogon | Trogon melanurus |
| White-tailed Trogon | Trogon viridis |
| Collared Trogon | Trogon collaris |
| Blue-crowned Trogon | Trogon curucui |
| Ringed Kingfisher | Ceryle torquata |
| amazon Kingfisher | Chloroceryle amazona |
| Green Kingfisher | Chloroceryle americana |
| Highland Motmot | Momotus equatorialis |
| Chestnut Jacamar | Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus |
| Bluish-fronted Jacamar | Galbula cyanescens |
| Lanceolated Monklet | Micromonacha lanceolata |
| Black-fronted Nunbird | Monasa nigrifrons |
| White-fronted Nunbird | Monasa morphoeus |
| Swallow-wing | Chelidoptera tenebrosa |
| Gilded Barbet | Capito auratus |
| Lemon-throated Barbet | Eubucco richardsoni |
| Scarlet-hooded Barbet | Eubucco tucinkae |
| Versicolored Barbet | Eubucco versicolor |
| Emerald Toucanet | Aulacorhynchus prasinus |
| Brown-mandibled Aracari | Pteroglossus mariae |
| Chestnut-eared Aracari | Pteroglossus castanotis |
| Grey-breasted Mountain-toucan | Andigena hypoglauca |
| Cuvier's Toucan | Ramphastos cuvieri |
| Bar-breasted Piculet | Picumnus aurifrons |
| Ocellated Piculet | Picumnus dorbygnianus |
| Yellow-tufted Woodpecker | Melanerpes cruentatus |
| Crimson-mantled Woodpecker | Piculus rivolii |
| Andean Flicker | Colaptes rupicola |
| Chestnut Woodpecker | Celeus elegans |
| Red-necked Woodpecker | Campephilus rubricollis |
| Crimson-crested Woodpecker | Campephilus melanoleucos |
| Olivaceous Woodcreeper | Sittasomus griseicapillus |
| Long-billed Woodcreeper | Nasica longirostris |
| Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper | Dendrexetastes rufigula |
| Buff-throated Woodcreeper | Xiphorhynchus guttatus |
| Montane Woodcreeper | Dendrocincla lacrymiger |
| Lineated Woodcreeper | Lepidocolaptes albolineatus |
| Coastal Miner | Geositta peruviana |
| Bar-winged Cinclodes | Cinclodes fuscus |
| Peruvian Seaside Cinclodes | Cinclodes taczanowskii |
| Pale-legged Hornero | Furnarius leucopus |
| Tawny Tit-spinetail | Leptasthenura yanacensis |
| White-browed Tit-spinetail | Leptasthenura xenothorax |
| Puna Thistletail | Schizoeaca helleri |
| Azara's Spinetail | Synallaxis azarae |
| Marcapata Spinetail | Cranioleuca marcapatae |
| Rusty-fronted Canastero | Asthenes ottonis |
| Cordilleran Canastero | Asthenes modesta |
| Streak-throated CAnastero | Asthenes humilis |
| Line-fronted Canastero | Asthenes urubambensis |
| Plain Softtail | Thripophaga fusciceps |
| Wren-like Rushbird | Phleocryptes melanops |
| Pearled Treerunner | Margarornis squamiger |
| Streaked Tuftedcheek | Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii |
| Montane Foliage-gleaner | Anabacerthia striaticollis |
| Rufous-tailed Foliage-gleaner | Philydor ruficaudatus |
| Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner | Automolus ochrolaemus |
| Brown-rumped Foliage-gleaner | Automolus melanopezus |
| Ruddy Foliage-gleaner | Automolus rubiginosus |
| Plain Xenops | Xenops minutus |
| Streaked Xenops | Xenops rutilans |
| Fasciated Antshrike | Cymbilaimus lineatus |
| Bluish-slate Antshrike | Thamnomanes schistogynus |
| Pygmy Antwren | Myrmotherula brachyura |
| Streaked Antwren | Myrmotherula surinamensis |
| White-flanked Antwren | Myrmotherula axillaris |
| Long-winged Antwren | Myrmotherula longipennis |
| Ihering's Antwren | Myrmotherula iheringi |
| Striated Antbird | Drymophila devillei |
| Manu Antbird | Cercomacra manu |
| White-backed Fire-eye | Pyriglena leuconota |
| White-browed Antbird | Myrmoborus leucophrys |
| Silvered Antbird | Sclateria naevia |
| Black-throated Antbird | Myrmeciza atrothorax |
| Black-faced antthrush | Formicarius analis |
| Rufous-breasted Antthrush | Formicarius rufipectus |
| Stripe-headed Antpitta | Grallaria andicola |
| Red-and-white Antpitta | Grallaria erythroleuca |
| Amazonian Antpitta | Hylopezus berlepschi |
| Red-crested Cotinga | Ampelion rubrocristata |
| Barred Fruiteater | Pipreola arcuata |
| Masked Fruiteater | Pipreola pulchra |
| White-browed Purpletuft | Iodopleura isabellae |
| Screaming Piha | Lipaugus vociferans |
| Spangled Cotinga | Cotinga cayana |
| Bare-necked Fruitcrow | Gymnoderus foetidus |
| Purple-throated Fruitcrow | Querula purpurata |
| Amazonian Umbrellabird | Cephalopterus ornatus |
| Andean Cock-of-the-rock | Rupicola peruviana |
| Band-tailed Manakin | Pipra fasciicauda |
| Yungas manakin | Chiroxiphia boliviana |
| Dwarf Tyrant-manakin | Tyranneutes stolzmanni |
| Streak-necked Flycatcher | Mionectes striaticollis |
| Slaty-capped Flycatcher | Leptopogon superciliaris |
| White-cheeked Tody-tyrant | Poecilotriccus albifacies |
| White-eyed Tody-tyrant | Hemitriccus zosterops |
| Spotted Tody-flycatcher | Todirostrum maculatum |
| Common Tody-flycatcher | Todirostrum cinereum |
| Yellow-browed Tody-flycatcher | Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum |
| Sclater's Tyrannulet | Phyllomyias sclateri |
| Tawny-rumped Tyrannulet | Phyllomyias uropygialis |
| Bolivian Tyrannulet | Zimmerius bolivianus |
| Mottle-backed Elaenia | Elaenia gigas |
| Highland Elaenia | Elaenia obscura |
| Sierran Elaenia | Elaenia pallatangae |
| White-throated Tyrannulet | Mecocerculus leucophrys |
| White-banded Tyrannulet | Mecocerculus stictopterus |
| Torrent Tyrannulet | Serpophaga cinerea |
| Tufted Tit-tyrant | Anairetes parulus |
| Many-colored Rush-tyrant | Tachuris rubrigastra |
| Scale-crested Pygmy-tyrant | Lophotriccus pileatus |
| Golden-crowned Spadebill | Platyrinchus coronatus |
| Royal Flycatcher | Onychorhynchus coronatus |
| Cinnamon Flycatcher | Pyrrhomyias cinnamomea |
| Euler's Flycatcher | Lathrotriccus euleri |
| Smoke-colored pewee | Contopus fumigatus |
| Tropical Pewee | Contopus cinereus |
| Black Phoebe | Sayornis nigricans |
| Vermilion Flycatcher | Pyrocephalus rubinus |
| Rufous-breasted Chat-tyrant | Ochthoeca rufipectoralis |
| Brown-backed Chat-tyrant | Ochthoeca fumicolor |
| White-browed Chat-tyrant | Ochthoeca leucophrys |
| Drab Water-tyrant | Ochthornis littoralis |
| Streak-throated Bush-tyrant | Myiotheretes striaticollis |
| Rufous-bellied Bush-tyrant | Myiotheretes fuscorufus |
| Rufous-webbed Bush-Tyrant | Polioxolmis rufipennis |
| Spot-billed Ground-tyrant | Muscisaxicola maculirostris |
| Rufous-naped Ground-tyrant | Muscisaxicola rufivertex |
| Puna Ground-tyrant | Muscisaxicola juninensis |
| Plain-capped Ground-tyrant | Muscisaxicola alpina |
| Short-tailed Field-tyrant | Muscigralla brevicauda |
| Dull-capped Attila | Attila bolivianus |
| Greyish Mourner | Rhytipterna simplex |
| Cinereous Mourner | Laniocera hypopyrra |
| Sirystes | Sirystes sibilator |
| Dusky-capped Flycatcher | Myiarchus tuberculifer |
| Short-crested Flycatcher | Myiarchus ferox |
| Tropical Kingbird | Tyrannus melancholicus |
| Eastern Kingbird | Tyrannus tyrannus |
| Crowned Slaty flycatcher | Griseotyrannus aurantioatrocristatus |
| Sulphury Flycatcher | Tyrannopsis sulphurea |
| Lemon-browed Flycatcher | Conopias cinchoneti |
| Golden-crowned Flycatcher | Myiodynastes chrysocephalus |
| Streaked Flycatcher | Myiodynastes maculatus |
| Social Flycatcher | Myiozetetes similis |
| Piratic Flycatcher | Legatus leucophaius |
| Lesser Kiskadee | Philohydor lictor |
| Great Kiskadee | Pitangus sulphuratus |
| Barred Becard | Pachyramphus versicolor |
| Black-tailed Tityra | Tityra cayana |
| Masked Tityra | Tityra semifasciata |
| Black-crowned Tityra | Tityra inquisitor |
| Purplish Jay | Cyanocorax cyanomelas |
| Violaceous Jay | Cyanocorax yncas |
| Green Jay | Cyanocorax violaceus |
| Red-eyed Vireo | Vireo olivaceus |
| Brown-capped Vireo | Vireo leucophrys |
| Dusky-capped Greenlet | Hylophilus hypoxanthus |
| White-capped Dipper | Cinclus leucocephalus |
| White-eared Solitaire | Entomodestes leucotis |
| Chiguanco Thrush | Turdus chiguanco |
| Great Thrush | Turdus fuscater |
| Glossy-black Thrush | Turdus serranus |
| Long-tailed Mockingbird | Mimus longicaudatus |
| Black-capped Donacobius | Donacobius atricapillus |
| Thrush-like Wren | Campylorhynchus turdinus |
| Inca Wren | Thryothorus eisenmanni |
| Moustached Wren | Thryothorus genibarbis |
| House Wren | Troglodytes aedon |
| Mountain Wren | Troglodytes solstitialis |
| Grey-breasted Wood-wren | Henicorhina leucophrys |
| Musician Wren | Cyphorhinus aradus |
| White-winged Swallow | Tachycineta albiventer |
| Brown-chested Martin | Progene tapera |
| Purple Martin | Progne subis |
| Brown-bellied Swallow | Notiochelidon murina |
| Blue-and-white Swallow | Pygochelidon cyanoleuca |
| White-banded Swallow | Atticora fasciata |
| Andean Swallow | Stelgedopteryx andecola |
| Southern Rough-winged Swallow | Stelgidopteryx ruficollis |
| Bank Swallow | Riparia riparia |
| Barn Swallow | Hirundo rustica |
| Chestnut-collared Swallow | Hirundo rufocollaris |
| House Sparrow | Passer domesticus |
| Yellowish Pipit | Anthus lutescens |
| Hooded Siskin | Carduelis magellanica |
| Black Siskin | Carduelis atrata |
| Tropical Parula | Parula pitiayumi |
| Slate-throated Redstart | Myioborus miniatus |
| Spectacled Redstart | Myioborus melanocephalus |
| Golden-bellied Warbler | Basileuterus chrysogaster |
| Citrine Warbler | Basileuterus luteoviridis |
| Three-striped Warbler | Basileuterus tristriatus |
| Rufous-collared Sparrow | Zonotrichia capensis |
| Yellow-browed Sparrow | Ammodramus aurifrons |
| Black-faced Brush-Finch | Atlapetes melanolaemus |
| Tricolored Brush-finch | Atlapetes tricolor |
| Olive Finch | Lysurus castaneiceps |
| Red-capped Cardinal | Paroaria gularis |
| Bananaquit | Coereba flaveola |
| Cinereous Conebill | Conirostrum cinereum |
| White-browed Conebill | Conirostrum ferrugineiventre |
| Capped Conebill | Conirostrum albifrons |
| Giant Conebill | Oreomanes fraseri |
| Magpie Tanager | Cissopis leveriana |
| Grass-green Tanager | Chlorornis riefferii |
| Common Bush-tanager | Chlorospingus ophthalmicus |
| Yellow-whiskered Bush-tanager | Chlorospingus parvirostris |
| Yellow-throated Bush-tanager | Chlorospingus flavigularis |
| Superciliaried Hemispingus | Hemispingus superciliaris |
| Black-eared Hemispingus | Hemispingus melanotis |
| Drab Hemispingus | Hemispingus xanthophthalmus |
| Three-striped Hemispingus | Hemispingus trifasciatus |
| Rust-and-yellow Tanager | Thlypopsis ruficeps |
| White-winged Shrike-tanager | Lanio versicolor |
| Slaty Tanager | Creurgops dentata |
| White-shouldered Tanager | Tachyphonus luctuosus |
| Red-crowned Ant-tanager | Habia rubica |
| Silver-beaked Tanager | Ramphocelus carbo |
| Blue-grey Tanager | Thraupis episcopus |
| Blue-capped Tanager | Thraupis cyanocephala |
| Hooded Mountain-tanager | Buthraupis montana |
| Scarlet-bellied Mountain-tanager | Anisognathus igniventris |
| Yellow-throated Tanager | Iridosornis analis |
| Chestnut-bellied Mountain-tanager | Delothraupis castaneoventris |
| Fawn-breasted Tanager | Pipraeidea melanonota |
| Thick-billed Euphonia | Euphonia laniirostris |
| Orange-bellied Euphonia | Euphonia xanthogaster |
| Orange-eared Tanager | Chlorochrysa calliparaea |
| Paradise Tanager | Tangara chilensis |
| Green-and-Gold Tanager | Tangara schrankii |
| Golden Tanager | Tangara arthus |
| Saffron-crowned Tanager | Tangara xanthocephala |
| Blue-necked Tanager | Tangara cyanicollis |
| Beryl-spangled Tanager | Tangara nigroviridis |
| Blue-and-black Tanager | Tangara vassorii |
| Opal-rumped Tanager | Tangara velia |
| Yellow-bellied Dacnis | Dacnis flaviventer |
| Blue Dacnis | Dacnis cayana |
| Green Honeycreeper | Chlorophanes spiza |
| Purple Honeycreeper | Cyanerpes caeruleus |
| Tit-like Dacnis | Xenodacnis parina |
| Swallow tanager | Tersina viridis |
| Peruvian Sierra-finch | Phrygilus punensis |
| Mourning Sierra-finch | Phrygilus fruticeti |
| Plumbeous Sierra-finch | Phrygilus unicolor |
| Ash-breasted Sierra-finch | Phrygilus plebejus |
| White-winged Diuca-finch | Diuca speculifera |
| Chestnut-breasted Mountain-Finch | Poospiza caesar |
| Bright-rumped Yellow-finch | Sicalis uropygialis |
| Grassland Yellow-finch | Sicalis luteola |
| Blue-black Grassquit | Volatinia jacarina |
| Plain-colored Seedeater | Catamenia inornata |
| Rusty Flower-piercer | Diglossa sittoides |
| Black-throated Flower-piercer | Diglossa brunneiventris |
| Deep-blue Flower-piercer | Diglossopis glauca |
| Masked Flower-piercer | Diglossopis cyanea |
| Black-backed Grosbeak | Pheucticus aureoventris |
| Buff-throated Saltator | Saltator maximus |
| Golden-billed Saltator | Saltator aurantiirostris |
| Blue-black Grosbeak | Cyanocompsa cyanoides |
| Casqued Oropendola | Psarocolius oseryi |
| Dusky-green Oropendola | Psarocolius atrovirens |
| Russet-backed Oropendola | Psarocolius angustifrons |
| Amazonian Oropendola | Gymnostinops bifasciatus |
| Yellow-rumped Cacique | Cacicus cela |
| Peruvian Meadowlark | Sturnella bellicosa |
| Giant Cowbird | Scaphidura oryzivora |
Ronald L. Ketchum
<rketchum@cdsnet.net>