9 - 30 November 2000
by Tom & Carol Bishop
Lodging:
Nov. 9: New York City-Caracas, overnight at hotel Puerto Viejo near
the airport.
Nov. 10: Caracas-Maracaibo, stay at Brian's apartment.
Nov. 15: Rancho Grande, 3750 feet, at Henri Pittier National Park
Nov. 18: Hato Pinero in Los Llanos
Nov. 21: Hotel Caceres, 3000 feet, Altamira
Nov. 22: Hotel Moruco, 7150 feet, Santo Domingo
Nov. 23: Posada Dona Rosa, Merida
Nov. 25: El Tao, La Azulita
Nov. 26: Maracaibo, at Brian's apartment
Nov. 30: Maracaibo-Caracas-Dallas-Los Angeles (changed from Nov. 28
due to Carol's illness)
Brian made most of the arrangements with the Venezuelan Audubon Society in Caracas with help from Mary Lou Goodwin, author of the book, "Finding Birds in Venezuela." I can not recommend using them due to delays in confirmations and one major mix up, plus a change in prices more than once. On the other hand, they were very helpful to us in many ways. Total cost for both of us was approximately US$3000 hours for 21 days, not including airfare to/from Caracas.
Venezuela
Although there are many good reasons to go birding in Venezuela, the main reason we went was to visit our friend Brian, who has a temporary work assignment there.
This was our first trip to Venezuela, a large country with many habitats for birds. In fact, 1400 birds have been seen there, and we heard this number may be closer to 1800. We birded in the western half of the country (the eastern half includes the Tepuis and is closer to the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers). Our trip encompassed four areas: Zulia (Lake Maracaibo)--mostly unknown to birders and where Brian works; the coastal Cordillera (Henri Pittier)--renowned as one of the top birding spots in the world; Los Llanos (a flat plain that is hot and steamy)--trip reports usually rave about the number of birds in this area; and the Andes, which next to the Himalayas is the most impressive mountain range in the world.
Getting to these areas is relatively easy. The roads are excellent with a few exceptions (the road from El Baul to Hato Pinero for one) and gas is very cheap--five dollars to fill your tank. However, driving in Venezuela is not for the timid. There are basically are no rules here for driving. Honking is constant and drivers and pedestrians must be extremely alert. Carol and I were glad to leave the driving to Brian, an excellent driver.
We found the people to be friendly. No one speaks English--almost all Spanish. I confess that Carol and I do not know Spanish, but Brian speaks it fairly well. As you probably figured, most of the oil money (and there is a lot of it) goes to very small percentage of the people. Most people cannot afford cars, which are very expensive there. In most of the places we were, Venezuela looked like a Third World country. There did seem to be much construction going on in the cities, which are attracting a lot of people.
It is a beautiful country, clean air, beautiful clouds, many green trees and plants, mountains, beaches, and quite tropical, five degrees from the Equator.
The new president, Mendez, was elected on a platform to help the poor. His mentor is Castro. The educated people there think he is a little crazy, so it will be interesting to see what he does.
The water there is not good--drink bottled water, Coke, or beer, and avoid uncooked vegetables. Unfortunately, Carol got some parasites at the end of our trip. To sum up, then, Venezuela is a wilder place than, say, Costa Rica.
Birds seen:
In two weeks, we saw total of 350 species. A list is at the end of the report. For a spreadsheet, email me at bish@home.com.
The guides:
Through the Audubon office (Phone 9922812 and 9923268), we had excellent guides.
At Henri Pittier, we had Gustavo Rodriguez, considered by some to be the best guide in the country. He speaks English and really knows the birds and their calls. Phone: 58-2-3722904; email garai@telcel.net.ve.
At Hato Pinero, we had Orlando Diaz, an outgoing man we really enjoyed. He was good at spotting birds but did not have a pair of binoculars to use!
In the Andes, we had Maria Rosa Cuesta, who is reintroducing Andean Condors to the region. She was a joy to be with and really knew birds in that area. Phone (home) 4121270
Planning your trip:
Take T-shirts and light pants except for the Andes and Henri Pittier where you might need a sweatshirt and rain gear. Boots are necessary for the wet spots.
The scope was all we needed; it was very useful though.
Bring a good flashlight for power outages and to view night animals. I would not take malaria pills. We did not take them and none of the guides or people we birded with took them. (Take all my advice with the grain of salt, this is just what worked for us.)
Advice when there:
Again, always keep in mind to be careful what you drink. We suspect that ice in a drink may have caused Carol's troubles.
Plan to be extremely careful at the airport, particularly with taxi drivers. Someone we met lost $3500 worth of camera equipment to a taxi driver who sped away before she could unload her last bag. Brian thoughtfully had somebody from his company meet us at the airport holding a sign with the company logo.
Chiggers were not a problem for us, since we mostly kept to the path. Apparently the Cock-of-the-Rock lek area is full of chiggers, though. Bird early in the day and take a siesta when it's hot.
Drink lots of water.
Bring mosquito repellent, sunscreen.
Expect problems and roll with punches.
Have the right papers (your passport, especially). We were stopped numerous times at the alcabalas (checkpoints).
Day 1: Planetarium show in New York City was excellent. Two hours and 47 minutes into the flight to Caracas there was a beautiful view of Puerto Rico at night.
Zulia
Day 2: We see a Brown Booby from our airport hotel. Also see a lot of litter which we will notice throughout our trip. Found out that Bush was ahead by only 400 votes! We saw CARIB GRACKLE, our first new bird. Fly to Maricaibo.
Day 3: Drive southwest of Maracaibo with Brian and his two birding friends, Carla and Jose Gustavo. 102 species for the day, including RED-AND-GREEN MACAW, DOUBLE-STRIPED THICK-KNEE. We did not go as far as we wanted, the Colombian border, because guerrillas there often kidnap foreigners, bird watchers, or anyone with money. In fact, we were stopped at a road checkpoint where an old man with a gun came out and said "Via con Dias," or "Go with God."
Day 4: Drive southeast of the city to the eastern side of Lake Maracaibo. We were excited to go to Jose Gustavo's special birding "spot," near a place where he once worked installing an antenna on a hilltop. At one point, bird after bird, too fast to see or write-down. Saw ORANGE-CHINNED PARAKEET, CRIMSON-CRESTED WOODPECKER, SCALED PICULET, and the gorgeous, brilliant SWALLOW-TANAGER, my bird of the trip. We then drove to a spot quite near the Lake where we were lucky enough to find a NORTHERN SCREAMER, a bird that they had seen here once before. I have become interested in bird families, and was overjoyed to see two new families in one day!
Day 5 and 6: rest
Henri Pittier
Day 7: Drive fast to Henri Pittier, in about five hours. Started to tally license plates; by the end of the trip we had seen 18 states, all but the three farthest eastern ones. Our "hotel" looked just like a movie set for Marquez's "Hundred Years of Solitude." It was a huge concrete edifice washed by pouring rain, jungle vines, trees, flowers, and birds. There were no other cars there, but eventually we found Gustavo, our guide for this area. Very rustic, but I quite enjoyed it here. The feeder here produced GROOVE-BILLED TOUCANET (Carol's favorite bird of the trip), LONG-TAILED SYLPH, VIOLET-FRONTED BRILLIANT, BLUE-WINGED MOUNTAIN-TANAGER, GOLDEN TANAGER, SPECTACLED TANAGER.
Day 8: Continuing heavy rain cause massive landslides that shut down both roads through the park. (Brian left for Caracas for a business meeting and couldn't easily get back, but that's another story.) Carol and I go for a wonderful 1.5 mile walk in the forest with Gustavo, 56 species. HOWLER MONKEYS bellow from the trees above. Saw 4 MASKED TROGONS, RED-BELLIED EUPHONIA, MOUSTACHED WREN, BRONZY INCA, SCALE-CRESTED PYGMY-TYRANT. (I must mention here, for those interested in "gadgets", that I was very impressed with the utility and economy of the tools Gustavo used. Swift Audubon 8.5X44 binos-US$260, Aiwa small tape recorder, Sony ECMK120 microphone, one small Realistic speaker which he used to boost the calls, small backpack, fanny pack, cell phone, tropical pants and old sweatshirt, and umbrella.)
Day 9: Rained out! Did see WHITE-TAILED QUETZAL, RED-BILLED PARROT, BLUE-TAILED EMERALD. We had arranged to have food prepared for us while we were at Rancho Grande, better known in Venezuela as the Biological Estacion, and it was OK, but it was rather expensive for the plain fare we were served.
Day 10: We spend a night in noisy Maracay at the Hotel Italo, and luckily the eastern road to Choroni is now open. An early start gets us to the top at dawn. The geology there reminds me very much of Southern California, which it should because of the strike-slip tectonics in both places. BLUE-CAPPED, BERYL-SPANGLED, and RUFOUS-CHECKED TANAGERS, all gorgeous, BLUE-NAPED CHLOROPHONIA, ANDEAN SOLITAIRE, OCHRE-BREASTED BRUSH-FINCH. It was wonderful but we had to leave for the Llanos. We drove there in six hours, getting lost in Valencia (did I mention that signs are an afterthought in Venezuela), and almost getting killed at a traffic circle which somebody entered at 50 mph. Be careful!
Los Llanos
Just before Hato Pinero we were stopped at a National Guard checkpoint and asked to open our trunk. I think they were after gunrunners. We tried to be calm, which is hard when young men surround you, each carrying a machine gun. In any case, they were friendly and we went on. Also be careful on the road to El Baul. It is full of large potholes and cows. Saw TROUPIAL, the national bird of Venezuela.
Day 11: Orlando tells us that this Hato, or ranch, has 140,000 acres, 15000 cattle, and for 50 years there has been no hunting. Staying at Hato is like Disneyland, you pay one price and then food, drinks, and guides are all "free." The best part of it for me was that the wildlife is so close here. You get to ride down the road in open vehicle holding 12 or so people. SCARLET MACAW, YELLOW-KNOBBED CURRASOW, HOATZIN (this is the bird I really wanted to see), GLITTERING-THROATED EMERALD, SLENDER-BILLED KITE, RUFESCENT TIGER-HERON. Brian and I had cigars that night and felt relaxed and on vacation for the first time.
Day 12: JAIBARU--huge! Many CAIMAN, IGUANAS, MOCKINGTHRUSH. There are two outings a day, one from about 8am - noon and the other from 4pm - 7pm or so.
Day 13: GRAY-NECKED WOOD-RAIL, PILEATED FINCH, CRANE HAWK, RED-CAPPED CARDINAL, HORNED SCREAMER (these are huge birds, they can barely get off the ground). It was wonderful seeing the cowboys. At night, the sky is coal black-- the short walk to the airfield gives you a horizon-to-horizon view of the Milky Way. The view of the Andromeda Galaxy through binoculars was the best I have ever seen.
Day 14: MUSCOVY DUCK, KING VULTURE (At close range through telescope, Brian's favorite bird of the trip). Then we drive to the Hotel Caceres in Altamira, the foothills of the Andes.
The Andes
Day 15: LESSER or DARK-BACKED GOLDFINCH - this beautiful bird (columbianus) does not look anything like what we see in California (hesperophilus race), WIRE-TAILED MANNAKIN-one of the best birds of the trip, and BLUE-NECKED TANAGER, another beauty. We drive up to Gustavo's trail, named after our guide, at 7000 feet. Directions to this wonderful trail are in Mary Lou's book, unfortunately out of print. She will soon come out with a new addition. All I can remember is that up the road from Hotel Moruco a few km there is a restaurant. Park and walk 1/2 kilometer back down the road until you see the second dirt road, the one with the blue gate--this is the trail. DOUBLE-TOOTHED KITE (out of its range), ORANGE-THROATED SUNANGEL, TYRIAN METALTAIL, LACHRYMOSE MOUNTAIN-TANAGER, BROWN-BACKED CHAT-TYRANT, SPARKLING VIOLETEAR, RUSTY FLOWER-PIERCER. We wished we had more time here.
Day 16: Hoping to meet our new guide, Maria Rosa, at 6:30 am at the Hotel Moruco, we waited until 7am, and then left. She had been told to meet us at our hotel in Merida, rather than in Santo Domingo, though, and was waiting for us across the mountains. Unfortunately this day we were doing the Santo Domingo trail, and we would have identified many more birds, GOOD BIRDS, with her help, such as Cock-of-the-Rock, Torrent Duck, and Sword-billed-Hummingbird. We did see CLIFF and CINNAMON FLYCATCHER, and some unknown Tanager that Brian is still trying to figure out. I expected a more treacherous trail; it is easy walking through the quarry and the remaining 1.8 miles to the waterfall is level. We could not find the steep trail to the lek area, as much as we searched for it; it is supposed to be "one block" or "100 meters" back from the falls. Later we made a quick stop at the Hotel Los Frailles, where we missed the legendary hummingbirds. Then we drove over the pass, 11,500 feet down to the Posada Dona Rosa outside Merida where we met Maria Rosa.
Day 17: Hiked up to the Humboldt trail to about 9000 feet. TORRENT TYRANNULET, OLEAGINOUS and SUPERCILLARIED HEMISPINGUS, BLACK-HEADED FRUITEATER, BLUE-AND-BLACK TANAGER, and BLUISH FLOWERPIERCER with her nest and two babies. We later we visited the market at Merida.
Day 18: We drove down down down South to the next pass. The size of the boulders in the conglomerate rock is unbelievable! We drove a couple of hours to the pleasant town of La Azulita, 3000 feet. At dusk after a light rain, we saw MAGPIE TANAGER, male and female SWALLOW-TANAGER, CHESTNUT-FRONTED MACAW, DUSKY PARROT, and a beautiful rainbow.
Day 19: Driving higher into the Andes, we saw a beautiful view of COLLARED INCA, an ANDEAN GUAN, and heard MERIDA TAPACULO. It was hard to say goodbye to Maria Rosa, as it was to our other two guides. We drove home to Maracaibo very quickly, arriving in home in mid-afternoon. It was obvious today that Carol was fading fast; to make a long story short, we delayed our flight two days, she saw a doctor who was familiar with parasites who gave her three different types of antibiotics, and she is getting better now.
We hardly saw any snakes; we did see lots of bats, Capuchin and Howler monkeys, foxes and quite a few iguanas.
TRIP LIST:
Total Species on trip = 364
Total at Henri Pittier = 100
Total at Los Llanos = 126
Total at Merida(Andes) = 150
Total at Zulia(Maracaibo) = 147
| # of Birds seen at:
Hpit / Llan/ Mer / Zul |
SPECIES LIST:
English Common Name / Scientific Name |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 | Least Grebe / Tachybaptus dominicus |
| 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 | Pied-billed Grebe / Podilymbus podiceps |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 20 | Brown Pelican / Pelecanus occidentalis |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Brown Booby / Sula leucogaster |
| 0 / 1 / 1 / 10 | Neotropic Cormorant / Phalacrocorax brasilianus |
| 0 / 11 / 0 / 1 | Anhinga / Anhinga anhinga |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 | Magnificent Frigatebird / Fregata magnificens |
| 0 / 4 / 0 / 0 | Whistling Heron / Syrigma sibilatrix |
| 0 / 2 / 0 / 1 | Great Blue Heron / Ardea herodias |
| 0 / 4 / 0 / 3 | Cocoi Heron / Ardea cocoi |
| 0 / 3 / 0 / 10 | Great Egret / Ardea alba |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 | Tricolored Heron / Egretta tricolor |
| 0 / 8 / 0 / 20 | Little Blue Heron / Egretta caerulea |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 10 | Snowy Egret / Egretta thula |
| 0 / 100 / 0 / 400 | Cattle Egret / Bubulcus ibis |
| 0 / 3 / 0 / 2 | Striated Heron / Butorides striatus |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 | Green Heron / Butorides virescens |
| 0 / 2 / 0 / 1 | Black-crowned Night-Heron / Nycticorax nycticorax |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 | Boat-billed Heron / Cochlearius cochlearius |
| 0 / 5 / 0 / 0 | Rufescent Tiger-Heron / Tigrisoma lineatum |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 2 | Wood Stork / Mycteria americana |
| 0 / 10 / 0 / 0 | Jabiru / Jabiru mycteria |
| 0 / 18 / 0 / 0 | Buff-necked Ibis / Theristicus caudatus |
| 0 / 4 / 0 / 0 | Sharp-tailed Ibis / Cercibis oxycerca |
| 0 / 4 / 0 / 0 | Green Ibis / Mesembrinibis cayennensis |
| 0 / 13 / 15 / 20 | Bare-faced Ibis / Phimosus infuscatus |
| 0 / 5 / 0 / 6 | Glossy Ibis / Plegadis falcinellus |
| 0 / 4 / 0 / 0 | Roseate Spoonbill / Ajaia ajaja |
| 0 / 7 / 0 / 0 | Horned Screamer / Anhima cornuta |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | Northern Screamer / Chauna chavaria |
| 0 / 10 / 0 / 0 | White-faced Whistling-Duck / Dendrocygna viduata |
| 0 / 50 / 0 / 3 | Black-bellied Whistling-Duck / Dendrocygna autumnalis |
| 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 | Muscovy Duck / Cairina moschata |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 20 | Blue-winged Teal / Anas discors |
| 32 / 250 / 500 / 200 | Black Vulture / Coragyps atratus |
| 0 / 40 / 30 / 750 | Turkey Vulture / Cathartes aura |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 5 | Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture / Cathartes burrovianus |
| 0 / 2 / 0 / 1 | King Vulture / Sarcoramphus papa |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 9 | Osprey / Pandion haliaetus |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | Gray-headed Kite / Leptodon cayanensis |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Hook-billed Kite / Chondrohierax uncinatus |
| 1 / 1 / 2 / 3 | Pearl Kite / Gampsonyx swainsonii |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 | Slender-billed Kite / Rostrhamus hamatus |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Double-toothed Kite / Harpagus bidentatus |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 | Crane Hawk / Geranospiza caerulescens |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 | Common Black-Hawk / Buteogallus anthracinus |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 | Great Black-Hawk / Buteogallus urubitinga |
| 0 / 12 / 0 / 6 | Savanna Hawk / Buteogallus meridionalis |
| 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 | Black-collared Hawk / Busarellus nigricollis |
| 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 | Gray Hawk / Asturina nitida |
| 0 / 4 / 4 / 1 | Roadside Hawk / Buteo magnirostris |
| 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 | White-tailed Hawk / Buteo albicaudatus |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | Zone-tailed Hawk / Buteo albonotatus |
| 1 / 0 / 2 / 0 | Black-and-chestnut Eagle / Oroaetus isidori |
| 0 / 10 / 1 / 6 | Crested Caracara / Caracara plancus |
| 2 / 12 / 3 / 0 | Yellow-headed Caracara / Milvago chimachima |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 | Laughing Falcon / Herpetotheres cachinnans |
| 0 / 1 / 1 / 30 | American Kestrel / Falco sparverius |
| 0 / 4 / 0 / 0 | Aplomado Falcon / Falco femoralis |
| 0 / 18 / 0 / 1 | Rufous-vented Chachalaca / Ortalis ruficauda |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Andean Guan / Penelope montagnii |
| 0 / 19 / 0 / 0 | Yellow-knobbed Curassow / Crax daubentoni |
| 0 / 20 / 0 / 7 | Crested Bobwhite / Colinus cristatus |
| 0 / 80 / 0 / 0 | Hoatzin / Opisthocomus hoazin |
| 0 / 4 / 0 / 5 | Limpkin / Aramus guarauna |
| 0 / 5 / 0 / 0 | Gray-necked Wood-Rail / Aramides cajanea |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | Purple Gallinule / Porphyrula martinica |
| 0 / 0 / 25 / 15 | Common Moorhen / Gallinula chloropus |
| 0 / 4 / 0 / 0 | Sunbittern / Eurypyga helias |
| 0 / 12 / 0 / 150 | Wattled Jacana / Jacana jacana |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 10 | Black-necked Stilt / Himantopus mexicanus |
| 0 / 3 / 0 / 15 | Double-striped Thick-knee / Burhinus bistriatus |
| 0 / 17 / 2 / 50 | Southern Lapwing / Vanellus chilensis |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | Black-bellied Plover / Pluvialis squatarola |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 10 | Semipalmated Plover / Charadrius semipalmatus |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 | Greater Yellowlegs / Tringa melanoleuca |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | Lesser Yellowlegs / Tringa flavipes |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 | Solitary Sandpiper / Tringa solitaria |
| 0 / 6 / 0 / 1 | Spotted Sandpiper / Actitis macularia |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 20 | Least Sandpiper / Calidris minutilla |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | Dunlin / Calidris alpina |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 | Gull-billed Tern / Sterna nilotica |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 5 | Royal Tern / Sterna maxima |
| 0 / 0 / 8 / 50 | Rock Dove / Columba livia |
| 0 / 0 / 10 / 0 | Band-tailed Pigeon / Columba fasciata |
| 0 / 3 / 0 / 0 | Pale-vented Pigeon / Columba cayennensis |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Plumbeous Pigeon / Columba plumbea |
| 0 / 0 / 5 / 2 | Common Ground-Dove / Columbina passerina |
| 0 / 35 / 0 / 30 | Ruddy Ground-Dove / Columbina talpacoti |
| 0 / 25 / 0 / 60 | Scaled Dove / Columbina squammata |
| 0 / 10 / 0 / 0 | Blue Ground-Dove / Claravis pretiosa |
| 1 / 6 / 2 / 3 | White-tipped Dove / Leptotila verreauxi |
| 0 / 14 / 0 / 0 | Scarlet Macaw / Ara macao |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 6 | Red-and-green Macaw / Ara chloroptera |
| 0 / o / 3 / 0 | Chestnut-fronted Macaw / Ara severa |
| 0 / 0 / 16 / 0 | Scarlet-fronted Parakeet / Aratinga wagleri |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 20 | Brown-throated Parakeet / Aratinga pertinax |
| 2 / 0 / 0 / 20 | Green-rumped Parrotlet / Forpus passerinus |
| 0 / 2 / 2 / 2 | Orange-chinned Parakeet / Brotogeris jugularis |
| 8 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Red-billed Parrot / Pionus sordidus |
| 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 | Dusky Parrot / Pionus fuscus |
| 0 / 15 / 0 / 0 | Yellow-crowned Parrot / Amazona ochrocephala |
| 2 / 4 / 0 / 1 | Squirrel Cuckoo / Piaya cayana |
| 0 / 12 / 0 / 0 | Greater Ani / Crotophaga major |
| 0 / 50 / 15 / 25 | Smooth-billed Ani / Crotophaga ani |
| 0 / 50 / 0 / 25 | Groove-billed Ani / Crotophaga sulcirostris |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 | Striped Cuckoo / Tapera naevia |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Tropical Screech-Owl / Otus choliba |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | White-throated Screech-Owl / Otus albogularis |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 | Great Horned Owl / Bubo virginianus |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 | Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl / Glaucidium brasilianum |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 | Burrowing Owl / Athene cunicularia |
| 0 / 12 / 0 / 0 | Lesser Nighthawk / Chordeiles acutipennis |
| 0 / 8 / 0 / 0 | Pauraque / Nyctidromus albicollis |
| 0 / 0 / 50 / 0 | Chestnut-collared Swift / Streptoprocne rutila |
| 12 / 0 / 15 / 2 | White-collared Swift / Streptoprocne zonaris |
| 5 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Vaux's Swift / Chaetura vauxi |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 | Short-tailed Swift / Chaetura brachyura |
| 20 / 0 / 0 / 0 | White-tipped Swift / Aeronautes montivagus |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 50 | Pygmy Swift / Tachornis furcata |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | Eastern Long-tailed Hermit / Phaethornis superciliosus |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Sooty-capped Hermit / Phaethornis augusti |
| 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 | Little Hermit / Phaethornis longuemareus |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Sparkling Violet-ear / Colibri coruscans |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 | Black-throated Mango / Anthracothorax nigricollis |
| 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 | Blue-tailed Emerald / Chlorostilbon mellisugus |
| 0 / 0 / 10 / 2 | Rufous-tailed Hummingbird / Amazilia tzacatl |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 | Glittering-throated Emerald / Polyerata fimbriata |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 2 | Steely-vented Hummingbird / Saucerottia saucerrottei |
| 2 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Speckled Hummingbird / Adelomyia melanogenys |
| 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Violet-fronted Brilliant / Heliodoxa leadbeateri |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Violet-chested Hummingbird / Sternoclyta cyanopectus |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Bronzy Inca / Coeligena coeligena |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Collared Inca / Coeligena torquata |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Orange-throated Sunangel / Heliangelus mavors |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Tyrian Metaltail / Metallura tyrianthina |
| 9 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Long-tailed Sylph / Aglaiocercus kingi |
| 9 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Collared Trogon / Trogon collaris |
| 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 | Masked Trogon / Trogon personatus |
| 4 / 0 / 0 / 0 | White-tipped Quetzal / Pharomachrus fulgidus |
| 0 / 6 / 0 / 6 | Ringed Kingfisher / Ceryle torquata |
| 0 / 5 / 0 / 0 | Amazon Kingfisher / Chloroceryle amazona |
| 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 | Green Kingfisher / Chloroceryle americana |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 2 | Rufous-tailed Jacamar / Galbula ruficauda |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 | Russet-throated Puffbird / Hypnelus ruficollis |
| 0 / 0 / 5 / 0 | Emerald Toucanet / Aulacorhynchus prasinus |
| 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Groove-billed Toucanet / Aulacorhynchus sulcatus |
| 0 / 0 / 2 / 1 | Scaled Piculet / Picumnus squamulatus |
| 1 / 6 / 3 / 5 | Red-crowned Woodpecker / Melanerpes rubricapillus |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Smoky-brown Woodpecker / Veniliornis fumigatus |
| 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Golden-olive Woodpecker / Piculus rubiginosus |
| 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 | Lineated Woodpecker / Dryocopus lineatus |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 | Crimson-crested Woodpecker / Campephilus melanoleucos |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | Pale-legged Hornero / Furnarius leucopus |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | White-whiskered Spinetail / Poecilurus candei |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Black-throated Spinetail / Synallaxis castanea |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Azara's Spinetail / Synallaxis azarae |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 2 | Pale-breasted Spinetail / Synallaxis albescens |
| 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Crested Spinetail / Cranioleuca subcristata |
| 0 / 5 / 0 / 1 | Yellow-chinned Spinetail / Certhiaxis cinnamomea |
| 0 / 5 / 0 / 0 | Common Thornbird / Phacellodomus rufifrons |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Plain Xenops / Xenops minutus |
| 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Streaked Xenops / Xenops rutilans |
| 4 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Montane Foliage-gleaner / Anabacerthia striaticollis |
| 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Streaked Tuftedcheek / Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Guttulated Foliage-gleaner / Syndactyla guttulata |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Rufous-tailed Foliage-gleaner / Philydor ruficaudatus |
| 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner / Philydor rufus |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Gray-throated Leaftosser / Sclerurus albigularis |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Olivaceous Woodcreeper / Sittasomus griseicapillus |
| 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 | Straight-billed Woodcreeper / Xiphorhynchus picus |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Buff-throated Woodcreeper / Xiphorhynchus guttatus |
| 1 / 0 / 2 / 0 | Olive-backed Woodcreeper / Xiphorhynchus triangularis |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 | Streak-headed Woodcreeper / Lepidocolaptes souleyetii |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Montane Woodcreeper / Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 | Black-crested Antshrike / Sakesphorus canadensis |
| 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Plain Antvireo / Dysithamnus mentalis |
| 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Slaty Antwren / Myrmotherula schisticolor |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | White-fringed Antwren / Formicivora grisea |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Plain-backed Antpitta / Grallaria haplonota |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Chestnut-crowned Antpitta / Grallaria ruficapilla |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Merida Tapaculo / Scytalopus meridanus |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Green-and-black Fruiteater / Pipreola riefferii |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Wire-tailed Manakin / Pipra filicauda |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet / Camptostoma obsoletum |
| 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Mouse-colored Tyrannulet / Phaeomyias murina |
| 0 / 3 / 0 / 1 | Yellow-bellied Elaenia / Elaenia flavogaster |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Small-billed Elaenia / Elaenia parvirostris |
| 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 | Lesser Elaenia / Elaenia chiriquensis |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Torrent Tyrannulet / Serpophaga cinerea |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Olive-striped Flycatcher / Mionectes olivaceus |
| 4 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Slaty-capped Flycatcher / Leptopogon superciliaris |
| 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Marble-faced Bristle-Tyrant / Phylloscartes ophthalmicus |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Venezuelan Bristle-Tyrant / Phylloscartes venezuelanus |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Variegated Bristle-Tyrant / Phylloscartes poecilotis |
| 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 | Venezuelan Tyrannulet / Zimmerius improbus |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Golden-faced Tyrannulet / Zimmerius chrysops |
| 1 / 0 / 2 / 0 | White-throated Tyrannulet / Mecocerculus leucophrys |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Scale-crested Pygmy-Tyrant / Lophotriccus pileatus |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 2 | Short-tailed Tody-Flycatcher / Todirostrum viridanum |
| 0 / 2 / 1 / 1 | Common Tody-Flycatcher / Todirostrum cinereum |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | Yellow-olive Flycatcher / Tolmomyias sulphurescens |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Yellow-breasted Flycatcher / Tolmomyias flaviventris |
| 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Flavescent Flycatcher / Myiophobus flavicans |
| 1 / 0 / 2 / 0 | Cinnamon Flycatcher / Pyrrhomyias cinnamomea |
| 0 / 0 / 4 / 0 | Cliff Flycatcher / Hirundinea ferruginea |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Olive-sided Flycatcher / Contopus cooperi |
| 2 / 0 / 10 / 0 | Smoke-colored Pewee / Contopus fumigatus |
| 2 / 0 / 2 / 0 | Black Phoebe / Sayornis nigricans |
| 0 / 3 / 2 / 30 | Vermilion Flycatcher / Pyrocephalus rubinus |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant / Ochthoeca fumicolor |
| 0 / 20 / 0 / 5 | Pied Water-Tyrant / Fluvicola pica |
| 0 / 2 / 0 / 5 | White-headed Marsh-Tyrant / Arundinicola leucocephala |
| 0 / 8 / 10 / 5 | Cattle Tyrant / Machetornis rixosus |
| 1 / 3 / 0 / 0 | Dusky-capped Flycatcher / Myiarchus tuberculifer |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | Panama Flycatcher / Myiarchus panamensis |
| 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 | Brown-crested Flycatcher / Myiarchus tyrannulus |
| 0 / 5 / 0 / 1 | Lesser Kiskadee / Philohydor lictor |
| 1 / 5 / 1 / 10 | Great Kiskadee / Pitangus sulphuratus |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Rusty-margined Flycatcher / Myiozetetes cayanensis |
| 0 / 4 / 5 / 0 | Social Flycatcher / Myiozetetes similis |
| 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Golden-crowned Flycatcher / Myiodynastes chrysocephalus |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | Piratic Flycatcher / Legatus leucophaius |
| 0 / 15 / 45 / 70 | Tropical Kingbird / Tyrannus melancholicus |
| 0 / 1 / 1 / 40 | Gray Kingbird / Tyrannus dominicensis |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 | Fork-tailed Flycatcher / Tyrannus savana |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Chestnut-crowned Becard / Pachyramphus castaneus |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 3 | Cinnamon Becard / Pachyramphus cinnamomeus |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | White-winged Becard / Pachyramphus polychopterus |
| 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 | Black-crowned Tityra / Tityra inquisitor |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | White-winged Swallow / Tachycineta albiventer |
| 1 / 0 / 60 / 0 | Blue-and-white Swallow / Pygochelidon cyanoleuca |
| 0 / 1 / 10 / 1 | Southern Rough-winged Swallow / Stelgidopteryx ruficollis |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | White-capped Dipper / Cinclus leucocephalus |
| 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 | Black-capped Donacobius / Donacobius atricapillus |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 10 | Bicolored Wren / Campylorhynchus griseus |
| 0 / 12 / 0 / 0 | Stripe-backed Wren / Campylorhynchus nuchalis |
| 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Whiskered Wren / Thryothorus mystacalis |
| 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 | Rufous-breasted Wren / Thryothorus rutilus |
| 0 / 1 / 12 / 2 | House Wren / Troglodytes aedon |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Mountain Wren / Troglodytes solstitialis |
| 5 / 0 / 2 / 0 | Gray-breasted Wood-Wren / Henicorhina leucophrys |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Scaly-breasted Wren / Microcerculus marginatus |
| 0 / 1 / 1 / 20 | Tropical Mockingbird / Mimus gilvus |
| 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Andean Solitaire / Myadestes ralloides |
| 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 | Yellow-legged Thrush / Platycichla flavipes |
| 0 / 0 / 14 / 0 | Great Thrush / Turdus fuscater |
| 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Glossy-black Thrush / Turdus serranus |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Black-hooded Thrush / Turdus olivater |
| 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 | Chestnut-bellied Thrush / Turdus fulviventris |
| 4 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Pale-breasted Thrush / Turdus leucomelas |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Bare-eyed Thrush / Turdus nudigenis |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | White-necked Thrush / Turdus albicollis |
| 0 / 1 / 1 / 5 | Tropical Gnatcatcher / Polioptila plumbea |
| 10 / 0 / 10 / 0 | Green Jay / Cyanocorax yncas |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Yellow-throated Vireo / Vireo flavifrons |
| 4 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Brown-capped Vireo / Vireo leucophrys |
| 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Golden-fronted Greenlet / Hylophilus aurantiifrons |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 3 | Rufous-browed Peppershrike / Cyclarhis gujanensis |
| 0 / 0 / 8 / 0 | Lesser Goldfinch / Carduelis psaltria |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 5 | Tennessee Warbler / Vermivora peregrina |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 | Tropical Parula / Parula pitiayumi |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 2 | Yellow Warbler / Dendroica petechia |
| 1 / 0 / 8 / 0 | Blackburnian Warbler / Dendroica fusca |
| 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Cerulean Warbler / Dendroica cerulea |
| 2 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Black-and-white Warbler / Mniotilta varia |
| 4 / 0 / 2 / 1 | American Redstart / Setophaga ruticilla |
| 5 / 0 / 0 / 1 | Northern Waterthrush / Seiurus noveboracensis |
| 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 | Mourning Warbler / Oporornis philadelphia |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Masked Yellowthroat / Geothlypis aequinoctialis |
| 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 | Canada Warbler / Wilsonia canadensis |
| 5 / 0 / 5 / 0 | Slate-throated Redstart / Myioborus miniatus |
| 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 | White-fronted Redstart / Myioborus albifrons |
| 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 | Black-crested Warbler / Basileuterus nigrocristatus |
| 2 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Golden-crowned Warbler / Basileuterus culicivorus |
| 2 / 0 / 5 / 0 | Three-striped Warbler / Basileuterus tristriatus |
| 2 / 2 / 6 / 2 | Bananaquit / Coereba flaveola |
| 0 / 0 / 6 / 0 | Magpie Tanager / Cissopis leveriana |
| 10 / 0 / 10 / 0 | Common Bush-Tanager / Chlorospingus ophthalmicus |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Superciliaried Hemispingus / Hemispingus superciliaris |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Oleaginous Hemispingus / Hemispingus frontalis |
| 0 / 4 / 0 / 5 | Hooded Tanager / Nemosia pileata |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | White-shouldered Tanager / Tachyphonus luctuosus |
| 4 / 0 / 4 / 1 | White-lined Tanager / Tachyphonus rufus |
| 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Summer Tanager / Piranga rubra |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 5 | Crimson-backed Tanager / Ramphocelus dimidiatus |
| 1 / 0 / 6 / 0 | Silver-beaked Tanager / Ramphocelus carbo |
| 10 / 50 / 40 / 10 | Blue-gray Tanager / Thraupis episcopus |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 | Glaucous Tanager / Thraupis glaucocolpa |
| 3 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Blue-capped Tanager / Thraupis cyanocephala |
| 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Palm Tanager / Thraupis palmarum |
| 15 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Blue-winged Mountain-Tanager / Anisognathus somptuosus |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Fawn-breasted Tanager / Pipraeidea melanonota |
| 0 / 2 / 0 / 3 | Trinidad Euphonia / Euphonia trinitatis |
| 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Orange-bellied Euphonia / Euphonia xanthogaster |
| 1 / 0 / 5 / 0 | Blue-naped Chlorophonia / Chlorophonia cyanea |
| 10 / 0 / 2 / 0 | Golden Tanager / Tangara arthus |
| 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 | Saffron-crowned Tanager / Tangara xanthocephala |
| 5 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Speckled Tanager / Tangara guttata |
| 5 / 0 / 12 / 0 | Bay-headed Tanager / Tangara gyrola |
| 0 / 2 / 1 / 1 | Burnished-buff Tanager / Tangara cayana |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Rufous-cheeked Tanager / Tangara rufigenis |
| 0 / 0 / 2 / 2 | Blue-necked Tanager / Tangara cyanicollis |
| 1 / 0 / 2 / 0 | Beryl-spangled Tanager / Tangara nigroviridis |
| 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 | Blue-and-black Tanager / Tangara vassorii |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Black-capped Tanager / Tangara heinei |
| 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Purple Honeycreeper / Cyanerpes caeruleus |
| 0 / 0 / 2 / 1 | Swallow-Tanager / Tersina viridis |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 | Pileated Finch / Coryphospingus pileatus |
| 0 / 4 / 0 / 50 | Blue-black Grassquit / Volatinia jacarina |
| 0 / 5 / 0 / 1 | Gray Seedeater / Sporophila intermedia |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 | Lined Seedeater / Sporophila lineola |
| 2 / 1 / 1 / 1 | Yellow-bellied Seedeater / Sporophila nigricollis |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 10 | Ruddy-breasted Seedeater / Sporophila minuta |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Black-faced Grassquit / Tiaris bicolor |
| 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 | Rusty Flowerpiercer / Diglossa sittoides |
| 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 | Bluish Flowerpiercer / Diglossopis caerulescens |
| 2 / 15 / 1 / 15 | Saffron Finch / Sicalis flaveola |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 | Red-capped Cardinal / Paroaria gularis |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Moustached Brush-Finch / Atlapetes albofrenatus |
| 4 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Ochre-breasted Brush-Finch / Atlapetes semirufus |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 | Black-striped Sparrow / Arremonops conirostris |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 | Yellow-browed Sparrow / Ammodramus aurifrons |
| 0 / 0 / 10 / 0 | Rufous-collared Sparrow / Zonotrichia capensis |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | Streaked Saltator / Saltator striatipectus |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 5 | Grayish Saltator / Saltator coerulescens |
| 2 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Buff-throated Saltator / Saltator maximus |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | Rose-breasted Grosbeak / Pheucticus ludovicianus |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 200 | Yellow-hooded Blackbird / Agelaius icterocephalus |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 | Red-breasted Blackbird / Sturnella militaris |
| 0 / 4 / 5 / 2 | Eastern Meadowlark / Sturnella magna |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | Great-tailed Grackle / Quiscalus mexicanus |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 10 | Carib Grackle / Quiscalus lugubris |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 | Shiny Cowbird / Molothrus bonariensis |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Giant Cowbird / Scaphidura oryzivora |
| 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 | Yellow-backed Oriole / Icterus chrysater |
| 0 / 1 / 0 / 5 | Yellow Oriole / Icterus nigrogularis |
| 0 / 4 / 0 / 0 | Troupial / Icterus icterus |
| 0 / 12 / 0 / 0 | Yellow-rumped Cacique / Cacicus cela |
| 0 / 50 / 30 / 0 | Crested Oropendola / Psarocolius decumanus |
| 15 / 0 / 0 / 0 | Russet-backed Oropendola / Psarocolius angustifrons |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 | Oriole Blackbird / Gymnomystax mexicanus |
Also:
| h=heard, mr=maria rosa, g=gustavo, o=orlando, b=brian, c=carol | SPECIES LIST:
English Common Name / Scientific Name |
| h / 0 / 0 / 0 | Ruddy Pigeon / Columba subvinacea |
| 0 / 0 / mr / 0 | Lined Quail-Dove / Geotrygon linearis |
| h / 0 / 0 / 0 | Red-eared Parakeet / Pyrrhura hoematotis |
| h / 0 / 0 / 0 | Lilac-tailed Parrotlet / Touit batavica |
| g / 0 / 0 / 0 | Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift / Panyptila cayennensis |
| b / 0 / 0 / 0 | Green Violet-ear / Colibri thalassinus |
| 0 / 0 / b / 0 | White-streaked Antvireo / Dysithamnus leucostictus |
| h / 0 / 0 / 0 | Black-faced Antthrush / Formicarius analis |
| b / 0 / 0 / 0 | Short-tailed Antthrush / Chamaeza campanisona |
| 0 / o / 0 / 0 | Lance-tailed Manakin / Chiroxiphia lanceolata |
| h / 0 / 0 / 0 | Wing-barred Piprites / Piprites chloris |
| 0 / 0 / b / 0 | Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet / Tyrannulus elatus |
| b / b / 0 / 0 | Pale-eyed Pygmy-Tyrant / Lophotriccus pilaris |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / b | Streaked Flycatcher / Myiodynastes maculatus |
| 0 / b / 0 / 0 | White-bearded Flycatcher / Phelpsia inornata |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / b | Rufous-and-white Wren / Thryothorus rufalbus |
| 0 / 0 / bc / 0 | Red-eyed Vireo / Vireo olivaceus |
| g / 0 / 0 / 0 | Blackpoll Warbler / Dendroica striata |
| g / 0 / 0 / 0 | Fulvous-headed Tanager / Thlypopsis fulviceps |
| 0 / 0 / bc / 0 | Lacrimose Mountain-Tanager / Anisognathus lacrymosus |
| 0 / 0 / 0 / b | Thick-billed Euphonia / Euphonia laniirostris |
| 0 / 0 / b / 0 | Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch / Oryzoborus angolensis |
Tom Bishop
1215 Carlsbad St
Placentia, CA 92870
33 53.01'N, 117 50.14'W
bish@home.com
(714) 993-1980
"Soyez different,
C'est le mark d'un grand homme"